Studi Kenaikan Muka Air Laut di Pesisir Lampung dan Banten menggunakan Satelit Altimetri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/jrkt.v7i2.137Keywords:
sea level rise, altimetry, Indonesian coastal zone, climate changeAbstract
Perubahan iklim mendorong kenaikan muka air laut secara global yang berdampak signifikan terhadap wilayah pesisir, termasuk di Indonesia. Perubahan ini mengancam ekosistem, infrastruktur, serta kehidupan masyarakat di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkuantifikasi, menganalisis dan membandingkan tren kenaikan muka laut di wilayah pesisir Lampung dan Banten dengan menggunakan data satelit altimetri Jason-1, Jason-2, dan Jason-3 selama periode 2002–2019. Dalam penelitian ini, data altimetri berupa ketinggian permukaan laut (Sea Surface Height/SSH) diproses menjadi Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) dan Total Water Level Envelope (TWLE) dengan menerapkan koreksi umum seperti troposfer basah dan kering, ionosfer, bias gelombang laut (sea-state bias), dan pasang surut, yang kemudian divalidasi dengan data dari tiga stasiun pasang surut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tren kenaikan muka air laut di pesisir barat Lampung sebesar 5,46 mm/tahun, di Banten bagian selatan sebesar 2,84 mm/tahun, dan di Banten bagian utara sebesar 6,20 mm/tahun. Deret waktu TWLE menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat terhadap data pengukuran dari stasiun pasang surut, dengan nilai R = 0,93, yang menunjukkan konsistensi tinggi antara data satelit dan data lapangan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pesisir dengan kemiringan batimetri yang landai cenderung mengalami laju kenaikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pesisir berlereng curam. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa satelit altimetri merupakan metode andal untuk pemantauan muka laut, bahkan di zona pesisir yang kompleks dan memiliki keterbatasan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian ini memiliki implikasi bagi perencanaan adaptasi perubahan iklim dan mitigasi bencana di wilayah pesisir Indonesia, terutama dalam pengembangan sistem pemantauan jangka panjang yang mengintegrasikan altimetri, pasang surut, dan GNSS.
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