Teknologi Biofouling dan Perlindungannya pada Pengecatan Kapal untuk Memperlambat Laju Korosi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/jrkt.v7i2.154Keywords:
Biofouling, antifouling coating, nanoteknologi, biomimetik, SPC, korosi kapalAbstract
Biofouling merupakan fenomena pertumbuhan organisme laut seperti alga, bakteri, dan teritip pada permukaan lambung kapal yang menyebabkan peningkatan hambatan hidrodinamik, konsumsi bahan bakar, biaya operasional, hingga percepatan korosi struktur. Dalam industri perkapalan modern, kebutuhan akan solusi antifouling yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan menjadi semakin mendesak, terutama setelah pelarangan senyawa tributyltin (TBT) oleh International Maritime Organization (IMO). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis literatur ilmiah yang diterbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2009 hingga 2025. Penelusuran data dilakukan melalui basis data bereputasi meliputi MDPI, ACS Publications, SpringerLink, dan Google Scholar, kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan analisis isi kualitatif untuk memetakan evolusi teknologi dari cat konvensional berbasis silikon, self-polishing coatings (SPC) berbahan biodegradable, hingga pendekatan nanoteknologi dan prinsip biomimetik. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa nanomaterial seperti zinc oxide (ZnO), perak (Ag), serta struktur pelapis biomimetik menawarkan efektivitas tinggi dalam mencegah kolonisasi organisme laut dengan dampak lingkungan yang sangat rendah. Selain itu, tren pengembangan coating multifungsi yang menggabungkan sifat antifouling dan anticorrosion dinilai menjanjikan untuk efisiensi jangka panjang. Tantangan utama meliputi biaya produksi, ketahanan di lingkungan ekstrem, serta kebutuhan uji lapangan jangka panjang. Studi ini merekomendasikan arah riset lanjutan pada optimalisasi formulasi bahan nano-biokompatibel serta integrasi dengan sistem monitoring digital untuk mencegah fouling secara prediktif.
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