Sirkulasi Termohalin Global: Tinjauan terhadap Penelitian Terkini dan Implikasinya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/jrkt.v7i1.90Keywords:
Sirkulasi Termohalin, Arus Laut, Salinitas, Perubahan Iklim, EnergiAbstract
Sirkulasi termohalin global merupakan fenomena penting yang berpengaruh pada iklim dan transportasi energi di lautan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan salinitas dan temperatur terhadap dinamika arus laut. Metode yang digunakan mencakup model sirkulasi umum laut, analisis sedimen sapropel, dan penelitian difusi vertikal, dengan pengumpulan data dari berbagai sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa energi kinetik angin menyuplai sekitar 778 GW, di mana 80% diubah menjadi energi potensial gravitasi, terutama di Samudra Antarktika. Selain itu, perubahan salinitas dan temperatur selama periode Messinian di Laut Mediterania menyebabkan deoksigenasi yang berdampak pada produktivitas primer. Temuan menunjukkan peningkatan salinitas di zona minimum serta anomali positif dalam salinitas dan temperatur antara kedalaman 600–1200 dbar. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya sirkulasi termohalin dalam pengaturan iklim global dan perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sistem laut.
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