Analisis Pengaruh ENSO dan IOD Terhadap Evaporasi di Selat Makassar Menggunakan Metode Bowen Ratio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/jrkt.v7i2.122Keywords:
Evaporasi, ENSO, IOD, ONI, DMI, Selat MakassarAbstract
Perpindahan panas global sangat penting untuk memahami mekanisme variabilitas iklim dalam skala global. Rasio Bowen dapat digunakan untuk menentukan fluks panas laten pada suatu permukaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengidentifikasi variabilitas evaporasi di Selat Makassar menggunakan metode bowen ratio dan kaitannya terhadap fenomena ENSO dan IOD dan Mengetahui durasi dari fenomena ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) dan IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) terhadap perubahan evaporasi di Selat Makassar. Rasio Bowen dihitung dengan membagi nilai sensible heat flux dengan latent heat flux. Setelah mendapatkan nilai Rasio Bowen kemudian akan dicari cross-correlation diantara Rasio Bowen dan ONI (Ocean Nino Index) kemudian ditentukan berapa lama jeda waktu yang diperlukan untuk anomali di Samudera Pasifik berpengaruh ke Selat Makassar. Kemudian Cross-correlation dihitung kembali diantara Rasio Bowen dan DMI untuk melihat efek anomali di Samudera Hindia terhadap Selat Makassar. Data sensible heat flux dan latent heat flux didapatkan dari ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) dianalisis dari tahun 1990-2022 dan akan dirata-ratakan perbulannya. Didapatkan hasil penurunan Rasion Bowen dari tahun 1990-2022 yang mengindikasikan evaporasi yang semakin rendah. Klimatologi Rasio Bowen menunjukkan evaporasi mengalami 2 kali puncak di bulan April dan November dengan nilai Rasio Bowen berturut-turut 0,133 dan 0,14. Korelasi silang Rasio Bowen dan ONI menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat dimana nilai R sebesar 0.65 dengan lag 2 bulan. Sedangkan korelasi silang Rasio Bowen dan DMI mendapatkan hasil R sebesar 0.13 dengan lag 1 bulan. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa ENSO menjadi faktor yang memiliki efek besar terhadap evaporasi di Selat Makassar.
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